How-to guides
Formula notes for the calculators
Use these guides to understand the formulas behind each tool before applying results to firmware, boards, or video pipelines.
How to Calculate Modbus CRC for RTU Frames CRC-16/Modbus init value, polynomial, byte order, and a repeatable frame check. Modbus CRC How to Choose I2C Pull-Up Resistors Use bus capacitance, rise-time limits, sink current, and VOL(max) to narrow the resistor range. I2C Pull-Up CAN Bit Timing and Sample Point Guide Understand time quantum, TSEG1, TSEG2, SJW, sample point, and bitrate error before programming CAN timing registers. CAN Timing How to Estimate H.265 File Size Convert video bitrate, audio bitrate, and duration into file size and target bitrate. H.265 Bitrate How to Calculate Streaming Bandwidth and Data Usage Sum main streams, sub streams, concurrent pulls, protocol overhead, and duration for RTSP, NVR, and live video traffic. Stream Bandwidth Camera Storage Planning Guide for CCTV and NVR Systems Convert camera bitrate, recording schedule, motion duty cycle, retention days, and drive overhead into usable storage capacity. Camera Storage How to Calculate Display Bandwidth Work from resolution and refresh rate to pixel clock, color payload, and per-lane link rate. Display Bandwidth STM32 Timer Prescaler and ARR Guide Understand the off-by-one register math and APB timer clock behavior before setting PSC and ARR. STM32 Timer